• 论文
主办单位:煤炭科学研究总院有限公司、中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会
榆神矿区地下水与生态环境演化特征
  • Title

    Evolution characteristics of groundwater and eco-environment in Yulin-Shenmu Mining Area

  • 作者

    马雄德范立民

  • Author

    MA Xiongde,FAN Limin

  • 单位

    长安大学 环境科学与工程学院长安大学 旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室陕西省地质环境监测总站

  • Organization
    (1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an,China;2. Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University,Xi’an ,China;3.Shaanxi Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Xi’an ,China)
  • 摘要

    采矿活动一般都会造成矿区水文地质条件的变异,进而影响地下水流场及生态环境。为研究榆神矿区近15年采煤活动对地下水及生态环境的影响,通过对比2000年和2016年榆神矿区地下水流场形态,指出了煤炭资源开采后榆神矿区地下水位变化规律;采用同时段2期TM遥感影像解译了煤炭资源开采后土地荒漠化演化特征。结果表明:矿区开发建设中矿井涌水量占萨拉乌苏组水资源总量的3.22%,造成968km2矿区地下潜水位下降幅度超过1m,占矿区面积的18.4%,其中下降幅度大于8m的区域集中在麻黄梁镇;2000—2016年间榆神矿区土地荒漠化呈逆转趋势,重度荒漠化和中度荒漠化土地面积锐减与非荒漠化土地面积剧增是其主要特征;矿区地下水位下降较大的地区土地荒漠化并未发生明显变化,二者之间没有统计相关性;干旱半干旱区煤炭资源开发受地下水的制约,水位上限必须小于最大毛细高度,水位下限以植被根系长度与地下水最大毛细上升高度之和来确定。据此,榆神矿区水位埋深上限为0.5m,下限4.0m。榆神矿区地下水位下降明显的区域并未引起土地荒漠化发展,是由于这些地区植被对地下水没有依赖性,干旱半干旱区矿区开发建设仍要重视地下水位阈限的约束,推行保水采煤技术。

  • Abstract
    Generally, mining activities will cause the variation of hydrogeological conditions in the mining area, and then affect the groundwater flow field and ecological environment.The purpose of this article is to study the characteristics of groundwater level change and its environmental effects after 15 years mining in Yulin-Shemu Mining Area. Groundwater level change was analyzed by observed data before and after coal mining, simultaneously, land desertification process was monitored by two same period remote-sensing image. The results showed: more than 15 years mining had drained at least 3.22% of the total water resources, which had drawn groundwater level down more than 1m of 968 km2,accouting 18.4% of the mining area.The area where water level dropped over 8 m mainly located at Mahuangliang Town. Land desertification had tremendously rehabilitated from 2000 to 2016, the area of serve desertification land and moderate desertification land were reduced sharply, but the non- desertification land area was increased. There was no correlated coefficient between groundwater level change and land desertification, and groundwater level decline did not directly caused desertification development. The permitted variation ranges of groundwater level should be decided by relationship between groundwater and vegetation.The upper limit of depth to groundwater must be less than the maximum capillary height, and the lower limit should be determined by the sum of the length of vegetation root and the maximum capillary height of groundwater. Accordingly, the upper limit of depth to groundwater in Yulin-Shenmu Mining Area is 0.5 m, and the lower limit is 4.0 m. The min-depth of groundwater is 0.5 m. The obvious decrease of groundwater level in Yulin-Shenmu Mining Area has not caused the development of land desertification, because the vegetation in these areas has no dependence on groundwater.In the development and construction of mining areas in arid and semi-arid areas, it is still necessary to attach importance to the constraint of groundwater level threshold and carry out water-preserved coal mining technology.
  • 关键词

    榆神矿区地下水位保水采煤干旱半干旱地区土地荒漠化生态环境

  • KeyWords

    Yulin-Shenmu Mining Area; groundwater level; water-preserved coal mining; arid and semi-arid area; land desertification;ecological environment

  • 基金项目(Foundation)
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(41672250)
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