煤炭长期占据我国能源消费结构的主体地位，因煤矿建设、开采、洗选、加工、废旧煤窑和矿井关闭等引发矿区一系列水环境问题尤为突出。国家大力支持“煤炭革命”，煤炭安全绿色开采成为新时代的主题，环保部门越发重视煤矿区的水环境问题。分析研究了我国煤矿矿区现阶段的水环境现状，针对不同矿区、不同矿井水类型，从矿井水污染模式和类型、含水岩组结构破坏、水资源流失、矿区土壤重金属富集和废弃矿井水位回升诱发的环境地质问题出发，总结我国煤矿区水环境研究现状、技术水平和未来发展趋势，并以矿井水处理为重点，分析归纳了洁净矿井水(物理法)、含悬浮物矿井水(混凝和超磁分离法)、高矿化度矿井水(蒸馏、离子交换和膜分离法)、酸性矿井水(物理、化学和生物法)、特殊组分矿井水(絮凝沉淀和离子交换法)和矿井水回灌(深层回灌)的水质特点、处理工艺和优缺点,并指明了未来的研究方向。根据煤矿区矿井水资源化利用现状，提出矿井水用于工农业生产、生活和特殊组分的矿井水资源化利用的优势和局限，针对特殊组分的矿井水提出了矿井水资源化利用的技术体系和理论框架，为进一步丰富和完善矿区水资源利用提供技术支撑。最后，针对矿井水资源化利用过程中的问题提出了“阻断、减量和保护”三原则，并对未来我国煤矿区环境现状和矿井水处理利用进行了展望。

Coal has long occupied the dominant status in the energy consumption structure of China. A series of water environmental issues have been caused from mines construction,coal mining,coal washing,mines closure and aban- doned mines,and gradually become the outstanding issues in the development of coal industry. The Chinese govern- ment is willing to support the coal industry marching towards the “coal revolution” and the safe green mining has been the theme of the new era. The environmental protection authorities are paying more attention to the water environment of coal mining areas. This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situations of water environment in Chinese coal mining areas. Aiming at different mining areas and types,the mine water pollution model and types,structural damage of aquifer group,water resource loss,trace metals enrichment in the soil of coal mine,and environmental and geological problems resulted from water level rebound in abandoned coal mines are presented. The current situation,technology level and future development tendency of coal mines in China are analyzed. Based on the treatment,water quality char- acteristic of mine water,different technologies including clean mine water (physical method),mine water with suspen- ded solids coagulation and supermagnetic separation method),high salinity (distillation,ion-exchange and membrane separation methods),special metals ( physical,chemical and biological methods),acid mine water ( flocculation pre- cipitation and ion-exchange methods) and mine water reinjection ( deep reinjection) are compared,their merits and demerits are showed. The search direction for future is presented. Then,the resourceful situation of mine water utiliza- tion is summarized. The superiority and limitation of the resourceful utilization for mine water in the industrial,agricul- tural and living use as well as special water are listed,the technical system and theoretical framework of mine water re- sourceful utilization in special mine water are put forward to provide the technical support for the improvement of mine water utilization in coal mining areas. In the end,three principles including “ blocking,reduction and protection” are put forward to solve the existing problems in mine water utilization. Also,the expectation of mine water environment, treatment and utilization in coal mining areas of China are presented.

1 煤矿矿区水环境现状

1.1 矿井水污染

1.2 含水岩组结构破坏

1.3 水资源流失

1.4 矿区土壤重金属富集

1.5 废弃矿井水位回升诱发的地质灾害

2 矿井水处理技术现状与研究发展

2.1 洁净矿井水处理

2.2 含悬浮物矿井水处理

2.3 高矿化度矿井水处理

2.4 酸性矿井水处理

2.5 含特殊组分矿井水处理

2.6 矿井水回灌现状

3 矿井水资源化利用现状

3.1 矿井水用于工农业生产

3.2 矿井水用于生活

3.3 特殊组分矿井水资源化利用

3.4 矿井水资源化利用中存在的问题

4 发展与展望