• 论文
主办单位:煤炭科学研究总院有限公司、中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会
基于RS和GIS矿区生态指标提取与安全评价—以焦作矿区为例
  • Title

    Ecological indexes extraction and safety assessment of coal mining area based on RS and GIS:taking Jiaozuo Coal Mining Area as an example

  • 作者

    张合兵张克刘培于志远赵嘉伟

  • Author

    ZHANG Hebing,ZHANG Ke,LIU Pei,YU Zhiyuan,ZHAO Jiawei

  • 单位

    河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院河南理工大学自然资源部矿山时空信息与生态修复重点实验室河南工业职业技术学院城市建设学院

  • Organization
    1.Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Information and Ecological Restoration of Mines(MNR),Henan Poly-technic University,Jiaozuo ,China;2.School of Surveying and Mapping Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo ,China;3.School of Urban Construction,Henan polytechnic institute,Nanyang ,China
  • 摘要

    为了快速、高效地对煤矿区生态安全状况进行评价,借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、空间景观格局分析等技术,在压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型的基础上拓展构建压力-状态-响应-格局(PSRP)模型,对焦作矿区33年(1993—2026年)的生态安全状况进行评价与动态变化模拟分析。以遥感卫星影像数据为主要数据源,选取矿区1993年、2004年、2018年遥感数据及社会、经济统计数据,提取用于生态安全评价的建筑用地指数、归一化植被指数、生态弹性度、绿度指数、生物丰富度、湿度指数、破碎度指数、城市扩展强度、干度指数、人口密度、多样性指数、分维度12个关键技术指标,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标在生态安全评价的目标层、准则层、指标层3个层次体系,并进一步计算12个指标的权重,从而对生态安全进行评价,最后利用CA-Markov模型模拟获取2026年结果数据,对焦作矿区生态安全状况趋势评价分析和动态变化监测进行研究。结果表明:①利用遥感技术能有效提取用于生态安全评价的绝大多数指标,并且有较好的提取精度,基础指标土地利用/覆盖分类提取结果精度为92%以上;②CA-Markov模型可以进行土地利用/覆盖变化趋势模拟与预测,在该试验选择的3期数据集中预测精度达到83%;③20多年来焦作市裸地和建筑景观变化幅度最大,水体、植被景观变化相对较小,不同的地物覆盖类型均受到人类生产生活的影响;④1993—2018年间,焦作市生态安全状态总体情况先是大幅下降,然后达到平缓稳定状态,其中1993—2004年间生态状态呈现下降趋势,2004—2018年间焦作市的生态状况总体上没有显著的变化;⑤针对典型矿区,1993年,整个矿区还是处于稳定和安全的状态,到2004年,由于矿产资源大量的开采,部分地区由1993年的稳定状态转为临界状态,2018年以来,由于矿区的陆续关闭,矿区的生态安全状况相比于2004年没有太大的变化,模型预测表明到2026年焦作市及其矿区生态指数将呈现出轻微下降趋势,典型矿区与焦作区域表现出一致的生态安全等级分布状况和变化趋势。研究结果可为维护矿区及其周边生态环境的原生平衡、引导矿区资源的合理开采与利用提供技术支持。


  • Abstract
    In order to evaluate the ecological security status of coal mining area in a timely and efficient manner,the methodology of remote sensing (RS),geographic information system (GIS),and spatial landscape pattern analyzing were chosen to expand the pressure-state-response (PSR) model to build a pressure-state-response-pattern (PSRP) model in this research.The ecological security status of Jiaozuo Mining Area of 33 years (1993—2026) was evaluated and the dynamic changes were simulated and analyzed.Taking the remote sensing satellite image as the main data source,the remotely sensed data captured in 1993,2004,and 2018 and social and economic statistics data over the study area were selected to extract the building area index,normalized difference vegetation index,and ecological elasticity,greenness index,biological richness index,humidity index,fragmentation index,urban expansion intensity,dryness index,population density,diversity index,et al,12 key technical indicators.And then the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was selected to determine the indicators in the three-layer security evaluation system,the target layer,the criterion layer,and the indicator layer,and further calculates the weight of 12 indicators to evaluate ecological security.Finally,the CA-Markov model was used to simulate and obtain result of 2026 to conduct ecological security in the research area and to simulate and analyze ecological security situation and trends in future.The results demonstrate that:①the use of remote sensing technology can effectively extract most of the indicators used for ecological security evaluation(11 of the 12 indicators in this study were directly extracted from remote sensing data),and they have better extraction accuracy and basic indicators.The accuracy of the land use/cover classification is better than 92%; ②The CA-Markov model can simulate and predict the land use/cover change trend.The prediction accuracy of the selected three-phase data set in this experiment reaches 83%; ③In the past 20 years,Jiaozuo has experienced the largest changes in bare land and building landscapes,with relatively small changes in water and vegetation landscapes.Different types of ground cover have been affected by human production and life.④From 1993 to 2018,the overall ecological security status of Jiaozuo City declined sharply,and then reached a gentle and stable state.Among them,the ecological status showed a downward trend from 1993 to 2004,and the ecological status from 2004 to 2018 did not change significantly.⑤For typical mining areas,in 1993,The entire mining area is still in a stable and safe state.By 2004,due to the large amount of mining activities,part of the area has changed from a stable to a critical state in 1993.While due to the successive closure of the mining area,the ecological security status of the mining area has not changed much since 2018 compared to 2004.Prediction result by CA-Markov model shown that by 2026 there will be a slight downward trend,and the typical mining area and Jiaozuo area will show the same ecological security level distribution and change trend.The research results can provide technical support for maintaining the original balance of the mining area and its surrounding ecological environment and guiding the rational exploitation and utilization of the mining area resources.
  • 关键词

    遥感生态指标景观格局生态安全评价焦作矿区

  • KeyWords

    remote sensing;ecological indexes;landscape pattern;ecological security assessment;Jiaozuo Coal Mining Area

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主办单位:煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会

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