冲击地压的实质是煤岩体内积聚的弹性变形能突然释放的动力现象，是煤矿重大动力灾害之一。地质动力区划认为现代地质构造运动等内动力作用和构造应力场对矿井动力灾害的孕育、发生和发展过程具有重要影响。地质动力区划主要研究内动力地质作用对人类工程活动影响，在煤矿开采领域主要用于研究现代构造运动影响下的冲击地压等矿井动力灾害问题。辽宁工程技术大学地质动力区划团队根据中国大陆的构造运动和构造形式的特点，在俄罗斯И.М.巴图金娜院士和И.М.佩图霍夫院士创建的以断块构造划分为核心内容的地质动力区划方法基础上，经过30余年的研究和实际应用，对地质动力区划的研究内容进行了广泛拓展，创建了地质动力环境评价方法、煤岩动力系统与能量特征分析方法和矿井动力灾害多因素模式识别方法，开发了岩体应力分析系统和地质动力区划信息管理系统，丰富和深化了地质动力区划理论和方法，开创了地质动力区划研究的全新体系，为冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等矿井动力灾害的危险性预测与防治提供了全新的研究方法。笔者介绍了地质动力区划及其在冲击地压研究方面的部分应用成果：(1)基于地质动力区划的煤岩动力系统分析方法，计算确定的系统“损伤区半径上限值”作为冲击地压工作面超前支护范围的参考值，为冲击地压矿井确定超前支护范围提供了依据；计算确定的系统“影响区半径上限值”作为冲击地压矿井工作面开采影响范围参考值，为确定2个采煤工作面之间的距离提供了依据。(2)基于地质动力区划的多因素模式识别方法，在地质动力区划信息管理系统的支持下，实现了冲击地压危险性的分单元精细化预测，为矿井提供了更精确的冲击地压危险性区域空间定位和更准确的冲击地压危险程度预测结果，提高了矿井冲击地压危险性预测的准确性和时效性。地质动力区划在中国的义马、鹤壁、鹤岗、双鸭山等矿区的40多个煤矿的动力灾害危险性预测和防治工作等方面得到了广泛应用。

Rock burst, one of the major dynamic disasters in coal mine, which is the energy sudden release accumulated in coal and rock under elastic deformation. According to the academic viewpoint of geo-dynamic division, the internal dynamic action such as modern geological tectonic movement and tectonic stress field have an important influence on the preparation, occurrence and development of dynamic disasters in coal mines. Geo-dynamic division method is mainly used to research the impact of internal dynamic geological processes on human activities in engineerings, and it is mainly used to research dynamic disasters such as rock burst under the influence of modern tectonic movements in the field of coal mining. According to the characteristics of tectonic movement and tectonic form in the mainland of China, the geo-dynamic division researching team, Liaoning Technical University, has expanded the content of geo-dynamic division after the research and practical application on the basis of the geo-dynamic division method with fault block structure division as the core content extensively for more than 30 years, which was established by academicians I.M. Batugina and I.M. Petukhov in Russia. After that, the evaluation method of geo-dynamic environment, the analysis method of coal-rock dynamic system and energy characteristics, and the multi-factor pattern recognition method of dynamic disasters in coal mines were established. The research team developed the rock mass stress analysis system and the geo-dynamic division information management system, which enriched and deepened the theory and methods of geo-dynamic division, and further created a new system of geo-dynamic division, which providing a new research method for the risk prediction and prevention of dynamic disasters in coal mines such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst. The geo-dynamic division method and some application results in rock burst were introduced. Firstly, based on the analysis method of coal-rock dynamic system in geo-dynamic division, the “upper limit value of damage zone radius” was determined as the reference value of advance support range in working faces with rockburst risk, which provided a basis for determining the advance support range of rockburst mines. The “upper limit value of influence zone radius” was determined as the reference value of influence range of working face mining in rockburst mines, which provided a basis for the determination of the distance between two working faces. Secondly, based on the multi factor pattern recognition method of geo-dynamic division, with the support of the geo-dynamic division information system, we have realized the refined prediction of rockburst risk by units. We can provide more accurate spatial location of rockburst risk area and more accurate prediction results of rockburst risk degree for the mines, thus improving the accuracy and timeliness of rockburst risk prediction in coal mines. The geo-dynamic division method has been widely used in the risk prediction and prevention of dynamic disasters in more than 40 coal mines, such as Yima, Hebi, Hegang, Shuangyashan and other mining areas in China.

0 引言
1 冲击地压研究面临问题与新思路
1.1 冲击地压研究的难点问题
1.2 冲击地压研究的新思路
1.3 地质动力区划提出与创新内容
2 地质动力区划基本原理和工作内容
2.1 地质动力区划基本原理
2.2 地质动力区划工作内容和方法
3 地质动力区划在煤矿中应用
3.1 基于地质动力区划的煤岩动力系统计算方法应用
3.1.1 煤岩动力系统结构尺度计算方法
3.1.2 煤岩动力系统结构尺度一般性计算结果
3.1.3 煤岩动力系统研究成果的应用
3.2 基于地质动力区划信息管理系统的多因素模式识别方法应用
3.2.1 地质动力区划信息管理系统
3.2.2 多因素模式识别方法应用
4 结论