为降低高原矿井掘进工作面开挖过程的粉尘污染，改善工作面整体施工环境，根据海拔上升环境参数的变化，运用数值模拟软件对黏性流体及粒子运动特性的变化规律进行分析;研究掘进机动态截割煤岩时粉尘的污染效应，分析不同海拔高度下颗粒物的扩散及沉降特性，并根据颗粒物的扩散特性对高原矿井掘进工作面通风“控尘”及“排尘”参数进行确定。结果表明:截割落岩形成的粉尘受截割头运动和掘进工作面涡流的影响，粒子主要沿截割臂向回风侧方向运动，截割左侧岩体时涌向司机工作区的粉尘明显多于右侧，且以粒径在40 μm以下的颗粒为主。受海拔上升环境参数改变的影响，流体性质会发生变化，导致颗粒受力情况和运动轨迹改变，扩散距离变小，沉降加快，其中对PM5以上的微粒影响较为明显;虽然海拔上升流体携带粉尘的能力减弱，导致掘进工作面沿程粉尘质量浓度下降，但粉尘沉积量会增多，存在二次飞扬的风险。在掘进工作面安装压入式“附壁控尘风筒”后，会在掘进工作面形成顺时针旋转涡流风幕，可将产生的粉尘有效的控制在掘进工作面前段，而另一侧的“除尘风机”会将掘进工作面聚集的粉尘及时排出。当附壁风筒径轴风量比m≥0.7、压抽比n＜1时，在“射流、汇流以及旋转风幕”的作用下，能使距掘进工作面20 m之后的区域粉尘质量浓度降低70%以上，有效的降低了高原矿井掘进过程中粉尘对人员和机械设备的损害。

To reduce dust pollution at the heading face of plateau mines and improve the working environment at the heading face,a numerical simulation software was used to analyze the change law of viscous fluid and particle motion characteristics according to the change of environmental parameters after the altitude increases.This study investigated the pollution effect during dynamic coal cutting by roadheader,analyzed the diffusion and settlement characteristics of particles at different altitudes,and determined the ventilation technical parameters of “dust control” and “dust extraction” at the heading face according to the law of particle transport.The results show that the dust generated by cutting is affected by the motion of the cutting head and the vortex of the heading face,and mainly moves along the cutting arm to the return air side.When cutting the rock body in left side,the dust is more than that when cutting right side,and the dust particle size is mainly below 40 μm.When the altitude increases,the fluid properties change,leading to the change of particle force and trajectory,and the diffusion distance becomes smaller,the deposition is accelerated,among which the effect on particles above PM5 is more obvious.Although the ability of fluid to carry dust is weakened by altitude increase,leading to a decrease in dust concentration along the heading face,the amount of dust deposition will increase and there is a risk of secondary fly-away.After the installation of pressed-in “wall-mounted air duct”,a clockwise rotating vortex air curtain will be formed at the heading face,which can effectively control the dust in the front section of the heading face,while the “dust removal fan” on the other side will discharge the dust gathered at the head in time.When the radial and axial air volume ratio of the wall-mounted air duct is greater than 0.7 and the pressure-extraction ratio is less than 1,the dust concentration in the area after 20 m from the head is reduced by more than 70% under the effect of “jet,convergence and rotating air curtain”,which effectively reduces the damage of dust to the personnel and mechanical equipment during the heading process.

1 高原矿井掘进工作面粉尘质量浓度测定分析

   1.1 井下环境参数和粉尘质量浓度测定

   1.2 高原环境对颗粒运动方程的影响

2 几何模型建立与求解参数设置

   2.1 物理模型与网格划分

   2.2 边界条件和离散相参数

3 高原环境下掘进工作面粉尘污染效应的分析

   3.1 截割粉尘的动态扩散过程分析

   3.2 截割头运动过程对工作区粉尘分布影响

   3.3 高原环境对掘进工作面粉尘质量浓度分布影响

   3.4 高原环境对不同粒径颗粒沉降效果影响

4 高原矿井掘进工作面通风控尘系统参数确定

   4.1 附壁风筒与除尘器结合的控尘系统流场分析

   4.2 不同风流参数下的控尘效果对比

5 结论